High School Religious Context And Reports Of Same Sex...

The study High School Religious Context and Reports of Same-Sex Attraction and Sexual Identity in Young Adulthood by Lindsey Wilkinson and Jennifer Pearson focuses on understanding the association between high school religious setting in adolescence and the reporting of same-sex attraction and sexual identity in young adulthood and how these relations vary by gender. Unlike previous studies that have considered how high school contexts shape the well-being of sexual youth, few have examined the extent to which these contexts shape sexual desire and identity. Schools are important social environments in which to examine the social construct of sexual desire and identity, as they are socializing organizations in which adolescents struggle to†¦show more content†¦Sexual scripts can be understood as ‘‘sets of socio-cultural expectations’’ through which individuals learn patterns of sexual conduct that are appropriate. Heteronormativity proclaims that h eterosexuality is the only sexual orientation, and also states that sexual and marital relations are most (or only) fitting between people of opposite sexes. Therefore, adolescents in highly religious schools or backgrounds may not consider or may actively avoid accepting a lesbian or gay identity. There other alternative is that an adolescent that may identify as lesbian or gay may connect them with a community that can help and provide strength and support in coping with the shame and stigma that may come along with the identity. This study had three research questions Research Question 1: What is the association between high school religious context and reports of same-sex attraction in young adulthood? Research Question 2: What is the association between high school religious context and reports of sexual identity in young adulthood? Research Question 3: Is one aspect of school religious context a stronger predictor of same-sex sexuality relative to the others? They expected that adolescents who attended high schools with higher levels of religious attendance, fundamentalism, and Protestant affiliation will be less likely to report experiencing same-sex attraction and less likely to identify as lesbian-gay or bisexual-flexible, compared

Stretch the Right Way Dynamic Stretching Essay examples

Did you know that the most common type of stretching, known as static stretching, can actually be more harmful to a person’s muscles than helpful? Researchers have discovered that â€Å"the old routine of holding a position for 20 to 30 seconds, actually weakens them† (Reynolds). So how should athletes warm up if stretching may actually be the cause of some injuries? Coaches and athletes should perform dynamic stretching rather than static stretching before performing activity or exercise because it reduces chances of injury, increases strength and range of motion, and has been proven to be safer and more efficient than static stretching. One main concern that runs through the mind of an athlete is receiving an injury due to the lack of†¦show more content†¦Dynamic stretching also â€Å"pulls your muscles and tendons elastically towards their limits allowing them to loosen up for activity† (â€Å"Dynamic†). This type of stretching also prepar es the muscles and joints for activity because it performs the types of movement that the body will repeat in the exercise at a more intense level. For example, the toy soldier stretch (alternate kicking legs up in front of body) helps warm the body up for sports like soccer because your legs and hip flexors will repeat that same motion when kicking the ball. According to Michael J. Alter, author of â€Å"Sport Stretch†, â€Å"most activities and movements are dynamic in nature† (Alter 12). With a proper warm up, the body is able to withstand a larger load resulting with a greater performance in the athlete as a result of being â€Å"warm†. Unlike static stretching, dynamic stretching increases power, flexibility and range of motion. According to Elizabeth Quinn, â€Å"dynamic stretching involves gradual increases in your range of motion and speed of movement† (Quinn). This is because with each movement your body takes, it is pushing slightly past you r tolerated range of motion. Therefore, because it is pushing to a point where it is not one’s normal limit, their muscles slowly adapt and become stronger and more flexible. With static stretching, many people are often fooled with theShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Flexibility And Physical Activity1503 Words   |  7 Pagesactivity? Is dynamic or static stretching more beneficial to flexibility? Flexibility is the range of motions in your joints. (Waehner) Dynamic stretching is more controlled movements. For example, leg and arm swings. Your goal with dynamic stretching is to bring the muscles as close to their range of motion as possible. (Stretches Definition, 2014) Static stretching consists of reaching an holding a stretch just beyond the normal range of motion. (Stretches Definition, 2014) Stretching is often usedRead MoreStretching Is Not Warming Up862 Words   |  4 PagesStretching is not warming up! It is, however, a very nessecary part of warming up. Warming up is th e process of warming up (i.e.,building your core body temperature). A proper warm-up should build your body temperature by one or two degrees Celsius (1.4 to 2.8 degrees Fahrenheit) and is divided into three phases: A. General warm-up (The general warm-up is divided into two parts): Joint rotations, the general warm-up should begin with joint-rotations, beginning either from your toes and workingRead MoreCheerleading and Dance1715 Words   |  7 Pagesgoes a long way toward improving both cheerleaders and dancers performance. (Peters. pg 19). It allows them to keep their energy up and helps them show everyone that theyre serious about what they are doing (Peters. pg 22), because if one false move, or one wrong step is done, the consequences could be serious (Peters. pg 20). Some consequences could lead to injury or low scores at competition. Positive attitudes let people see their energy and enthusiasm. This can be shown in many ways. For exampleRead MoreEssay on Biomechanics of Running1336 Words   |  6 Pagesmechanics of running, it is important to accumulate some of the vast research available for this activity. The following are brief summaries of research articles that study various factors on running. DeVita (1994) noted the gait cycle is measured in two ways: swing-stance-swing or stance-swing-stance. In this study, EMG activity of six muscles was obtained from four subjects while walking and running. The data was collected while the subjects performed a consecutive swing, stance, swing period of eachRead MoreThe Causes of Muscoskeletal Pain1380 Words   |  5 Pageswould need to assess a clients range of motion/movement. An effective way to do this is to get your client to do an overhead squat repeatly at various angles, this allows a personal trainer to make an accurate assessment of the full range of motion. I assessed male 1’s range of motion during an overhead squat which is illustrated in the picture below. During the squat there was some abduction of the right knee and the right foot turns out and flats out slightly. During the lateral view there wasRead MoreA Brief Note On Coronary Heart Disease ( Cad )9402 Words   |  38 Pagesheart attack. There are two main coronary arteries which supply the heart: right and left coronary artery (Figure 1A). The left coronary artery divides into two branches, the circumflex and the left anterior descending coronary artery. The latter is also called the â€Å"widow maker†, since its obstruction accounts for 40-50% of heart attacks, as compared to 15-20% due to circumflex blockage and 30-40% due to right coronary artery obstruction.[3] CAD has for a long time been thought of being allRead MoreISSA Case Study Essay5534 Words   |  23 PagesChest Press +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) Dumbbell Row +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) Dumbbell Wrist Curls +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) TUESDAY Cardio Stretches - Knee-to-Chest, Double Knees-to-Chest, Hamstring, Crossover, Kneeling Hip Flexor, Quad Stretch, Pec Stretch, Lying Leg Crossover, Backswing stretch, Butterfly WEDNESDAY Squats (15 x 2) Oblique Push-ups (15 x 2) Walking Dumbbell Lunges (50 x 1) Hanging Leg Lifts (15 x 2) Swish Ball Raised Crunches (50 x 1) Swiss Ball Oblique Crunches (25 x 1) THURSDAY FRIDAY Read MoreEffects Of Stretching Mediated Tension On Ventricular Contraction Of Toad Heart1725 Words   |  7 PagesEFFECTS OF STRETCHING-MEDIATED TENSION ON VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION OF TOAD HEART INTRODUCTION Heart contraction is produced by stretching of sarcomere units, which produces strokes between myosin head and actin monomers located in the thin filament of sarcomere (Robinson, Dong et al. 2004). Changes in the resting tension of heart muscle affect the range of heart contraction. The heart has the capacity to adjust its contraction force as result of variations in ventricular filling (end-diastole), thisRead MoreThe Quadrant Case964 Words   |  4 PagesQuadrant Homes Applies Lean Concepts in a Project Environment 1. Consider the three value disciplines described by Treacy and Wiersema. Create a two-by-three table in which you name and describe the three value disciplines in the left column. In the right column, describe what Quadrant does to support each one. Below the table, write a few sentences in which you take a position regarding which value discipline best describes Quadrant’s highest priority. Defend your reasoning. Value Disciplines Quadrant Read MorePhysical Fitness: Betters Your Golf Game2396 Words   |  10 Pagesincreases mental stamina, which lets a person work harder for a longer time (which is great for ones golf game)! Golf and flexibility go hand in hand. Flexibility training basically consists of you stretching and expanding your muscles to a certain extent (Appleton). There are plenty of different ways one can incorporate flexibility training in there daily workout and reduce the risk of future injuries by allowing blood to flow to the muscles. Resistance training is used to develop the strength and

Controversial Role of Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management free essay sample

Marine protected areas (MPA) refer to the zones in which human activity has been placed under some restrictions for protection and restoration of the natural environment, its surrounding waters and the occupant ecosystems, and any cultural or historical resources that may require preservation or management. They play a dominant role in protecting marine biodiversity, ecosystem function and sustaining healthy coastal communities. MPA is relevant to biodiversity and scale, legal and compliance, and socio-culture (IUCN amp; UNEP-WCMC, 2010). It is a site-scale unit that is essential for conservation of marine biodiversity and maintenance of productivity of oceans. Also, the protection of MPA is integrated into various policies and environmental safeguards of international financial institutions. Besides, MPAs are recognized as traditional practices, cultural values, rights and involvement of local/indigenous communities in protection, use and management. This essay focuses on controversy surrounding MPAs. It discusses the direct benefits of marine protected areas, followed by the reasons why commercial and recreational fishers are against the designation of MPAs. We will write a custom essay sample on Controversial Role of Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Last, it proceeds with a personal judgement on the role and relevance of marine reserves with the case of Phoenix Islands Protected Area. Section 2 Marine protected areas have brought a number of direct benefits in terms of biological diversity, fisheries, science, recreation and tourism, and education. * Biological diversity MPA mitigate or even avoid risks of diversity loss by providing refuges for species and protects their habitats that support their livelihood without human disturbance. It also facilitates the protection of unique, endemic, rare, and threatened species over a fragmented habitat (Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2011). * Fisheries MPAs have improved fish catch and led to stable catch levels. The species are able to spawn or to produce eggs and grow to adults in ‘no-take’ reserves. Also, increasing abundance moves to neighboring areas resulting from the spillover effect. The migration contributes to productive stocks adjacent to marine protected areas. * Science MPAs have created undisturbed locations free from exploited uses for scientific studies with enormous research potential. Fishery biologists believe that protected zones can be used as controls to monitor and study the recovery of fish populations (Sanchirico 2000). * Recreation amp; tourism Well managed marine protected areas have attracted thousands of visitors to view abundant marine life from observatories, with glass-bottomed boats, by snorkeling or scuba diving (Kenchington, Ward amp; Hegerl, 2003). The establishment of marine reserves opens new opportunities for local economy as tourist attractions. * Education The protected zones offer people opportunities to observe undisturbed marine species. They pass on the values of MPAs to the community with understanding and demand for sustainable management of their marine environments (Kenchington, Ward amp; Hegerl, 2003). Section 3 Marine protected areas are used as a tool for fisheries management. These areas have brought both benefits and costs to fisheries management. On one hand, the closed areas offer a hedge against management errors by improving the long term management of fisheries. On the other hand, they raise management costs of additional monitoring and enforcement, or even utilization of new technology. However, there remain some management uncertainties. The long run success of MPAs is uncertain in controlling effort because fishers internalize the social cost of their activities and concentration of fishing effort moves to unprotected areas. Moreover, the openness of marine environments and the susceptibility to broad oceanographic shocks make the protected zones likely to be responsive to external factors (Sanchirico 2000). Lack of enforcement and monitoring of these areas will also call into doubt that they are effective hedges. Additionally, the overall impact is unclear with few empirical results on the protected areas and unprotected. Because of uncertain fisheries management, commercial and recreational fishers often do not support the designation of marine protected areas. For one reason, fishers are sometimes displaced from their traditional fishing grounds to the remaining non-protected areas. The congestion effect generates conflict between users of the resource affecting both the displaced trawler and the fixed-gear fishermen. Also, displaced fishers have to spend additional time and effort learning about stock concentrations and oceanographic conditions that exist in the remaining areas (Sanchirico, Cochran, amp; Emerson 2002). More importantly, the designation forces fishermen to venture out to more distant waters leading to potential occupational risks. For another reason, transport costs and capital costs are increased. More fuel and time are spent on searching fish, and equipment and devices should be purchased. Section 4 The Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) was established in 2008, located in the Republic of Kiribati (Wikipedia 2013). It is the largest marine protected area (MPA) in the Pacific Ocean with an area of 408,250 km2. PIPA offers natural habitat for both marine and terrestrial biodiversity, especially for coral reefs and green turtles. It has protected the indigenous natural heritage from human disturbance as well as restored the islands for terrestrial species. Marine protected areas contribute to maintenance of biological diversity, healthy ecosystem and the promising future for the coming generations. These areas are beneficial beyond fisheries and marine ecosystem. They support scientific research, serve as tourist destinations with rising incomes for the local and educate people with their values. The protected zones provide both natural and cultural values. Furthermore, the ocean is correlated with the land and the air. MPAs affect the land and the air indirectly but significantly because the three elements are in the natural cycle. Thus, only with well management of the areas will they bring the most benefits to the humans to the great extent. Section 5 1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2011, Government of Canada, viewed 16 May 2013, lt; http://www. dfo-mpo. gc. ca/oceans/publications/dmpaf-eczpm/framework-cadre2011-eng. asp#c7gt;. 2. Kenchington, R, Ward, T amp; Hegerl, E 2003, Commonwealth of Australia, viewed 16 May 2013, lt; http://www. environment. gov. au/coasts/mpa/publications/pubs/benefits-mpas. dfgt;. 3. IUCN amp; UNEP-WCMC 2010, UNEP amp; WCMC, viewed 16 May 2013, lt; http://www. biodiversitya-z. org/areas/46#topgt;. 4. Sanchirico, JN 2000, Resources for the Future, viewed 16 May 2013, lt; http://www. rff. org/Documents/RFF-DP-00-23-REV. pdfgt;. 5. Sanchirico, JN, Cochran, KA amp; Emerson, PM 2002, Resources for the Future, viewed 17 May 2013, lt; http://www. cbd. int/doc/case-studies/inc/c s-inc-rf-04-en. pdfgt;. 6. Wikipedia 2013, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , viewed 17 May 2013, lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phoenix_Islands_Protected_Area#Natural_heritagegt;.